16 Study Guide Light Fundamentals With Answers

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LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS LIGHTING UPGRADE MANUAL US EPA Office of Air and Radiation 6202J EPA 430-B-95-003, January 1995 U.S. EPA Green Lights Program. A basic understanding of lighting fundamentals is essential for specifiers and decision-makers who are evaluating lighting upgrades. This document provides a brief overview of design parameters, technologies, and terminology used in the lighting industry.

For more detailed information about specific energy-efficient lighting technologies, refer to the Lighting Upgrade Technologies document. Light Output The most common measure of light output (or luminous flux) is the lumen. Light sources are labeled with an output rating in lumens.

Fundamentals

For example, a T12 40-watt fluorescent lamp may have a rating of 3050 lumens. Similarly, a light fixture's output can be expressed in lumens. As lamps and fixtures age and become dirty, their lumen output decreases (i.e., lumen depreciation occurs). Most lamp ratings are based on initial lumens (i.e., when the lamp is new). Light Level Light intensity measured on a plane at a specific location is called illuminance. Illuminance is measured in footcandles, which are workplane lumens per square foot. You can measure illuminance using a light meter located on the work surface where tasks are performed.

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Using simple arithmetic and manufacturers' photometric data, you can predict illuminance for a defined space. (Lux is the metric unit for illuminance, measured in lumens per square meter. To convert footcandles to lux, multiply footcandles by 10.76.) Brightness Another measurement of light is luminance, sometimes called brightness. This measures light 'leaving' a surface in a particular direction, and considers the illuminance on the surface and the reflectance of the surface.

Chapter 16 Study Guide Light

The human eye does not see illuminance; it sees luminance. Therefore, the amount of light delivered into the space and the reflectance of the surfaces in the space affects your ability to see. Refer to the at the end of this document for more detailed definitions. Quantity Measures. Luminous flux is commonly called light output and is measured in lumens (lm).

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Illuminance is called light level and is measured in footcandles (fc). Luminance is referred to as brightness and is measured in footlamberts (fL) or candelas/m2 (cd/m2). Determining Target Light Levels The Illuminating Engineering Society of North America has developed a procedure for determining the appropriate average light level for a particular space.